A Vocoder on the RP2040: From Sine Wave to (Almost) a Talking Robot

This article documents an ongoing debugging series. As of this update, the project has gone through a full detour (scaling back to a simpler instrument, then building back up) and one genuinely surprising root cause (a hardware ground loop, not a software bug). "Sounds like a proper vocoder" still hasn’t been achieved at the time of writing — see the current status section near the end.

1. The Plan

I’m building a small hardware vocoder on a generic Raspberry Pi Pico (RP2040) — as a hardware port of my browser-based software vocoder (Tone.js/Web Audio). Ingredients: